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Using a VPN is a great way to shield your internet traffic when you are traveling, but it's not a solution for encrypting your local files. .

When the FBI needed information from the San Bernardino shot's iPhone, they asked Apple to get a rear door to get past the encryption. But no such back door existed, and Apple refused to create one. The FBI needed to hire hackers to get into the phone.

Why wouldn't Apple help Since the moment a rear door or similar hack is different, it will become a goal, a prize for the poor guys. It'll flow sooner or later. In a talk at Black Hat last summer, Apple's Ivan Krstic disclosed the company has done something similar in their cryptographic servers.

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Apple can't update them, but the bad guys can't get in either. .

All the products in this roundup explicitly state they have no rear door, and that's as it should be. It does mean that if you encrypt an essential document and then forget that the encryption password, then you have lost it for good.

Back in the day, if you wanted to maintain a document key you can use a cipher to encrypt it and then burn the original. Or you might lock it up in a safe. The two main approaches in encryption utilities parallel these options.

One sort of product simply processes files and folders, turning them into impenetrable encrypted versions of these. Another creates a virtual disk that, when open, behaves like any other drive on your system. When you lock the digital drive, all the documents that you put into it's entirely inaccessible. .

Similar to the digital drive solution, some goods store your encrypted data in the cloud. This approach demands extreme care, obviously. Encrypted data in the cloud has a far larger attack surface than encrypted data on your own PC.

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Which is better It really depends on how you plan to use encryption. If you're not sure, take advantage of this 30-day free trial offered by each of those products to get a sense of the different options.

After you copy a file into secure storage, or create an encrypted version of it, you definitely need to wipe out the unencrypted original. read Simply deleting it isn't sufficient, even if you skip the Recycle Bin, since the data still exists on disc, and data retrieval utilities can often get it back. .

Some encryption products avoid this issue by encrypting the file in location, literally overwriting it on disc with an encrypted version. It's more common, however, to offer safe deletion as an option. If you choose a product that lacks this feature, you ought to find a free secure deletion tool to use along with it. .

Overwriting data before deletion is sufficient to balk software-based recovery tools. Hardware-based forensic recovery works because the magnetic recording of information on a hard drive isn't actually digital. It is more of a waveform. In simple terms, the process involves nulling out the known information and reading around the edges of what is left.

An encryption algorithm is similar to a black box. Dump a document, image, or other document into it, and you get back what sounds like gibberish. Run that gibberish back via the box, with the exact same password, and you get back the original.

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The U.S. government has settled on Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) as a standard, and all of the merchandise accumulated here service AES. Even the ones that support other algorithms tend to recommend using AES.

If you're an encryption expert, you may want another algorithm, Blowfish, perhaps, or even the Soviet government's GOST. For the average user, however, AES is just fine.

Passwords are important, and you have to keep them confidential, right Well, not when you use Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) cryptography.

With PKI, you receive two keys. One is public; you can share it with anyone, register it in a key exchange, tattoo it on your foreheadwhatever you like. Another is private, and needs to be carefully guarded. If I want to send you a key document, I just encrypt it with your public key.

Simple! .

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Using this program in reverse, you can create a digital signature that proves your document came from you and hasn't been modified. How Exactly To encrypt it with your private key. The simple fact that your public key decrypts it is all the evidence you need. PKI support is less common than support for traditional symmetric algorithms. .

If you want to talk about a file with someone view it now and your encryption tool doesn't support PKI, there are other options for sharing. Many products allow creation of a self-decrypting executable file. You may also find that the recipient can use a complimentary, decryption-only tool.